^{Image credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, RELICS}

By Amal Pushp, Affiliate Physicist at the Resonance Science Foundation

A galaxy cluster is a gravitationally bound system consisting of hundreds or even thousands of galaxies along with plasma and dark mass. Galaxy clusters serve as a crucial component when it comes to understanding the structure and evolution of our universe. Some of the notable clusters in the adjacent universe include the Virgo cluster, the Hercules cluster, and the Coma cluster. A commonality between all the known galaxy clusters is the fact that they are all governed by the laws of standard cosmology otherwise dubbed as the Lambda-cold dark matter model (ΛCDM).

A recent study published in the Astrophysical Journal suggests a departure from the standard cosmological model [1]. One of the key facets of the ΛCDM model tells us that before becoming phenomenal galaxy clusters, there is primarily the formation of individual galaxies. In other words, when we...